Number
JavaScript has only one type of number and that is a 64-bit floating point number.
- Unlike languages like Java and C++, there is no distinction between whole numbers (integers) and real values (numbers with decimals).
- JavaScript always stores numbers as double precision floating point, following the international IEEE 754 standard.
let num; num = 3.14159265; console.log(typeof num); num = 3; console.log(typeof num);
So, an apparent integer is in fact implicitly a float!
const num = 1 / 2; console.log(num);
There is, like in most programming languages, unavoidable round-off errors:
console.log(0.1 + 0.2);
Number literals
- Decimal numbers:
42
,0.42
- Exponential notation:
4.2e-10
- Hexadecimal:
0x2A
- Binary:
0b101010
- Octal:
0o52
// Try any of the above let num = 42; console.log(num);
Special Values
JavaScript has the special values Infinity
and -Infinity
:
console.log(1 / 0); console.log(-1 / 0); console.log(10 * Number.MAX_VALUE);
There is also NaN
which means "Not a Number". You get this when e.g. number cannot be parsed from a string, or when a Math operation result is not a real number.
console.log(parseInt("blahblah")); console.log(Math.sqrt(-1));
You also get NaN
when you do weird stuff!
console.log(0 * Infinity); console.log("JavaScript" / 2);
For a reference, visit MDN web docs on Infinity
and NaN
.
Number Wrapper object
You can borrow many useful methods defined in Number
object. For instance, there is a toString
method with optional base argument (between 2 and 36):
const num = 42; console.log(num.toString(2));
The toPrecision
and toExponential
can be used for formatting:
const num = 3.14159265; console.log(num.toPrecision(2)); const val = 1000000; console.log(val.toExponential());
The Number
object has several useful static method and constants as well. For example, there is parseInt
method with optional base argument (between 2 and 36):
const num = "0x2A"; console.log(Number.parseInt(num, 16));
There is parseFloat
method to convert floating point to number:
const num = "0.001"; console.log(Number.parseFloat(num) * 2);
There are several methods for type checking:
console.log(Number.isFinite(-1 / 0)); console.log(Number.isNaN(1 / 0)); console.log(Number.isInteger(2.1));
And many useful constants:
console.log(Number.MAX_VALUE); console.log(Number.MIN_VALUE); console.log(Number.MAX_SAFE_INTEGER); console.log(Number.MIN_SAFE_INTEGER); console.log(Number.POSITIVE_INFINITY); console.log(Number.NEGATIVE_INFINITY);
For a reference, visit Number
on MDN web docs.
Big Integer!
JavaScript number type cannot represent integers bigger than 253-1 (Number.MAX_SAFE_INTEGER
constant). For integers larger than that limit, you can use a special built-in object, BigInt
.
BigInt
can be used to represent arbitrary large integers.
BigInt
literal have suffix n
:
const num = 18889465931478580854784n; console.log(typeof num); console.log(num * num);
You can also create BigInt
by calling BigInt()
function:
const num = Number.MAX_SAFE_INTEGER; console.log(BigInt(num * num));
You cannot mix BigInt
with other numbers
const num = 18889465931478580854784n; console.log(num + 1);
For a reference, visit BigInt
on MDN web docs.