Math

Math is a built-in object that with many useful methods that implement various mathematical functions. Here is a list of more frequently used ones for your reference.

  • Math.abs(x), Returns the absolute value of x.
  • Math.sign(x), Returns the sign of the x, indicating whether x is positive, negative, or zero.
  • Math.min, Returns the smallest of its arguments.
  • Math.max, Returns the largest of its arguments.

Note: min and max take in any number of arguments.

  • Math.random(), Returns a pseudo-random number between 0 and 1.
  • Math.round(x), Returns the value of the number x rounded to the nearest integer.
  • Math.trunc(x), Returns the integer portion of x, removing any fractional digits.
  • Math.floor(x), Returns the largest integer less than or equal to x.
  • Math.ceil(x), Returns the smallest integer greater than or equal to x.
  • Math.fround(x), Returns the nearest single precision float representation of x.

Caution: be careful with negative arguments to functions like ceil and floor

console.log(Math.ceil(7.004));
console.log(Math.ceil(-7.004));
console.log(Math.floor(5.05));
console.log(Math.floor(-5.05));
  • Math.pow(x, y), Returns base x to the exponent power y.
  • Math.exp(x), Returns Ex, where x is the argument, and E is Euler's constant (2.718..., the base of the natural logarithm).
  • Math.log(x), Returns the natural logarithm of x.
  • Math.log2(x), Returns the base-2 logarithm of x.
  • Math.log10(x), Returns the base-10 logarithm of x.
  • Math.sqrt(x), Returns the positive square root of x.

There are many useful constants built into Math object as well:

console.log(Math.E);
console.log(Math.PI);
console.log(Math.SQRT2);
console.log(Math.SQRT1_2);
console.log(Math.LN10);
console.log(Math.LOG2E);
console.log(Math.LOG10E);

The Math objects includes many other static methods and properties. Please consult the MDN Reference page on Standard built-in Objects -> Math

Caution:

  1. Many Math functions have a precision that's implementation-dependent.
  2. Math functions do not work with BigInt.